The Egyptian Society for Blood Transfusion Services
In our body there are two kidneys on both sides of the spine at waist level, and they are necessary and important, and if they are damaged, this results in annoying symptoms of kidney failure. Here are the most important types of kidney failure:
● Types of renal failure Renal insufficiency or renal failure is a condition in which damage occurs to the tissues of both kidneys, which leads to restriction or cessation of kidney activity. The types of renal failure can be divided into two types according to the severity of the injury.
1. Acute renal failure
In acute renal failure, sudden and extensive damage to the kidney tissue occurs, and the damage to the kidneys can be temporary or it can become chronic over time.
2. Renal failure/End stage renal disease Chronic
Chronic renal failure is a condition in which a gradual damage occurs in the kidney activity to non-performance at all, bearing in mind that this damage cannot be repaired or even treated. .
● causes of kidney failure, the causes of kidney failure vary
According to the types of renal failure, which are as follows:
1. Causes of acute renal failure, the causes of acute renal failure are as follows:
• Significant loss of blood or loss of fluids, and that is after a traffic accident.
Serious burns.
• Dehydration for various reasons.
• Poisoned by toxic substances, including medicines.
Urinary obstruction.
• Eclampsia.
2. The causes of chronic renal failure are the following:
Various kidney infections.
Various diseases, such as: diabetes, high blood pressure, and polycystic kidneys.
Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and familial Mediterranean fever.
Kidney stones that lead to serious infections to the point of damage
functions in both kidneys.
The use of various drugs that have toxic effects on the kidneys to the extent of irreversible damage to the kidneys.
Other additional reasons, such as: a kidney tumor, and atherosclerosis that often occurs in adults.
● Symptoms of kidney failure, common symptoms of kidney failure:
• difficulty breathing.
• The appearance of edema in the lower extremities and around the eyes due to a decrease in the frequency of urination.
Fluid retention.
• Exhaustion.
• Nausea.
• Weakness.
• Irregular heart rate.
In order to prevent comprehensive damage to the body, it is recommended to treat kidney failure and not to delay dialysis treatment, and the failure is treated
Chronic renal failure by kidney transplantation, or by dialysis.
● Complications of kidney failure, the more kidney damage progresses, the functions responsible for the kidneys are disturbed, for example due to a disturbance in the production of the hormone erythropoietin, anemia may occur, and this can lead to weakness and fatigue, and due to a defect in excreting waste from the body, waste may accumulate in the body, such as Urea, which is a product of protein breakdown, which may cause:
• A bitter taste in the mouth.
• Lack of appetite.
• Nausea and even vomiting.
• Potassium level may rise, which has a negative effect on heart activity.
Another element whose level may rise is phosphorousد
It can lead to an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus and can eventually affect the activity of the parathyroid gland and bone structure, and gradually develop fluid balance disorders.
● Kidney functions, after we got to know the most important types of kidney failure between causes, symptoms and complications, we must address the most important possible functions of the kidneys:
• Excretion of urine and removal of waste or toxins and excess fluids from the body.
• Maintain fluid balance.
• Maintain acid balance.
• Maintaining the balance of minerals or electrolytes in the body, such as: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and others.
• Participation in the hormonal system in the body.
• Regulating blood pressure.